A.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses. A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a
subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Examples:
a.
Some
students like to study in the morning.
b.
Juan and
Arto play football every afternoon.
c.
Alicia goes
to the library and studies every day.
d.
The runner jumped.
S P
This simple
sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, runner, and one predicate, jumped.
e.
The singer bowed.
S P
This simple
sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, singer, and one predicate, bowed.
f.
The baby cried.
S P
This simple
sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, baby, and one predicate, cried.
g.
The girl ran into her bedroom.
S P
This simple
sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, girl, and one predicate, ran into her bedroom. This example is distinct from the
previous three in that its verb phrase consists of more than one word.
h.
In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.
Prep.
Phrase S P P Prep. Phrase
S P
This simple
sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, dog, and one predicate, barked and howled at the cat. This predicate has two
verbs, known as a compound predicate: barked and howled. This
compound verb should not be confused with a compound sentence. In the backyard and at the cat are prepositional phrases.
B.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause joined by one or more dependent clause. A complex sentence is often used to make clear which ideas are
most important, and which ideas are subordinate, such as because, since, after, although, or when
or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
Example:
1. Complex
Sentence using Adjective Clause
Who + V
S
a.
The man who is standing there is Ali.
b.
The man who visited last night is Amir.
c.
The man who is going to visit you tomorrow
night is Ali.
Whom + S V
O
d.
The man whom i hate is Ali.
e.
The man whom i met last night is Amir.-
Whose + N S V / Whose
+ N V
O S
f.
The girl whose mother i like called me
yesterday.
g.
The girl whose mother likes me called me
yesterday.
Which + V / Which
+ S V
S O
h.
The house which is blue is mine.
i.
The house which the paimo rent is mine.
Where + S V
Adv.
j.
Magelang where I was born is nice.
k.
Purworejo where I am staying is nice.
l.
Solo where we meet at the first time
is nice.
Why
m. I don’t know why you
killed her.
n.
I don’t
know the reason why I left you alone.
o.
I don’t
know why I am standing here.
That
p.
The time that we are going to do examination
has come.
q.
The time that you should go has come.
2. Complex
Sentence Using Noun Clause
a.
Who is over there is Amir.
b.
Whom you like is Andy.
c.
Which you are talking about is too old.
d.
Where my father lives is very nice.
e.
Whose car was
parked here make somebody angry.
f.
Who is standing there
bought a car.
g.
Which book you
bring was very big.
h.
Where she is now
is still unknown.
i.
Whose house was
painted red was my uncle.
j.
Which bag you
bring.
k.
How many times I have left
school early is not your business.
3. Complex
Sentence Using Adverb Clause
Adverb of Place
a.
I went to
the place where Fidel’s mother was
born.
b.
She met me where I met her at the first time.
c.
He goes to
go wherever I go.
Adverb of
Time
d.
She cries when she feels sad.
e.
She shouted
when I was singing.
f.
I will go
to solo when I am 25.
g.
While I was in
here.
h.
She smiled after I sick.
i.
She smiled before I went away.
j.
She will smile
after entering to the class.
k.
Since I was
here, she has been happy.
l.
Since I was
here, she has known that case.
Adverb of condition
m. She will cry unless I
take her.
n.
I won’t get
B unless I study.
o.
She will be
happy if I give her a flower.
Adverb of Reason
p.
I will
leave you because I don’t need you
anymore.
q.
I will
study hard so that I can pass the
exam.
r.
I got B on
grammar because I didn’t study.
Adverb of Manner
s.
I will
leave you as you did.
t.
He said
that as if he was the leader.
Adverb of Comparison
u.
He is as simple as I am.
v.
He did more slowly than I am.
Adverb of Result
w. I came to your house early so
that I could met you.
x.
I will do
the best so that I can to marry you.
Adverb of Contrast
y.
Although she got
many friends, she felt lonely.
z.
I have
never been done, although I had no
friends.
C.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Compound sentences can be formed in three ways:
The compound sentence is one of the four basic sentence
structures. The other structures are the simple sentence, the complex sentence, and the compound-complex sentence.
Example:
And
-
She is
sick and hurting.
-
He
worked here last year, and he never
told me about that.
-
She is
sick, and her car is stolen.
Or
-
You are
here or you leave here.
-
You
must love me or you have to marry
her.
-
Stay
here or leave here.
For ( the second clause give a reason for the
first clause)
-
She
didn’t joint the party, for she
didn’t get the time.
-
She
didn’t joint the party, for she was
sick)
Nor
( means “and ... not”, nor followed by
question word order, nor joining
two negative sentences ).
-
We didn’t
move to the west, nor did our
neighborur
move there too.
-
I didn’t
study hard, nor would I joint the
exam.
-
She doesn’t
have family, nor does she have much
money.
But (two classing express contrasting ideas).
-
We have a
big house, but they have a small
house.
-
We have a
big house, but we have no money to
buy something.
-
We are the
members of that group, but we can do
nothing.
Yet (the second clause is a surprising / unexpected idea).
-
Women are
stronger than man, yet in many cases
they are weaker.
-
We have a
big house, yet there is nothing
inside.
So (talking about result)
-
We have to
live here, so we never feel
comfortable.
-
He didn’t
study hard, so he didn’t pass the
exam.
-
He didn’t
study hard, so he looked confused.
a.
The teacher
lectured for over an hour; his students slept soundly.
b.
The old man
wanted hides his money; he feared his children would steal it from him.
c.
The student
studied all night long; she had a test the next day.
Patterns:
Sentence; sentence.
Subject + Predicate; Subject + Predicate.
3.
Use a semicolon and a transition word.
[Transition
words (adverbial conjunctions): however, therefore, in fact, on the other hand,
nonetheless, besides, instead, then, instead, moreover, similarly,
nevertheless, still, etc.]
a.
The car had
a V-8 engine and a new paint job; however, it had no brakes.
b.
The Pit
Bull had quite a bite; in fact, its bite was "outlawed"
in seven states.
c.
Larry
studied for the test all weekend; therefore, he expected a good
grade on the test.
Patterns:
Sentence; transition word, sentence.
Subject + Predicate;
transition word, Subject + Predicate.
D.
COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence is a
sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent
clauses (also known as subordinate clauses).
Example:
-
When I
looked into the mirror, I saw an old man, and I was surprised.
-
As I look
out the window, I see no clouds, but the weather report predicted rain.
-
Whenever
the old man walked around the mansion, he wanted hide his money, for he
feared his children would steal it from him.
-
Although I
like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found
anyone to go with.
-
We decided
that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary
movies, thought that we were wrong.
-
If Barack
Obama is the nominee for the Democratic Party, he'll run against John McCain,
but it won't be an easy contest to win.
-
Even though
he prefers to eat with a fork, he chooses to use chopsticks in Chinese
restaurants; however, they aren't easy to use.
